Passear e participar: o lazer ampliando a circulação social de pessoas com deficiência / Rambling and participating: leisure activities to improve social circulation of people with disabilities

As estratégias para a construção da participação social das pessoas com deficiência no Brasil estão ligadas a ações e serviços de saúde ou programas especializados. O estudo de caso do Projeto Andanças, grupo de passeio desenvolvido no Município de Ribeirão Pires, SP (Brasil), permitiu a problematização do Lazer como intervenção para ampliar a vida social dessa população. Os dados permitiram a construção de Discursos do Sujeito Coletivo (DSC) para as análises, o que afirmou a potência do trabalho e direcionou as categorias Lazer e Participação Social, com foco nas necessidades e vivências das populações com deficiência. Os resultados apontam o Lazer como campo de intervenção fundamental para favorecer a participação social e a necessidade de intervenções que abordem as barreiras de atitude, elucidando práticas e estudos sobre o lazer das populações com deficiência.

The strategies for building social participation of people with disabilities in Brazil are linked to actions and healthcare services or specialized programs. A case study of the Projeto Andanças, a ramble group developed in the city of Ribeirão Pires (SP/Brazil), allowed the questioning of Leisure as an intervention to expand the social life of this population. Data allowed the construction of Collective Subject's Speeches (DSC) for the analysis, and has stated the power of the work and directed the Leisure and Social Participation categories, focusing on the needs and experiences of people with disabilities. The results have placed the Leisure field as a fundamental interdisciplinary intervention area to build a society able to accept diversity and have pointed out the need of developing new studies about attitudinal barriers, which puts practices and studies on Leisure of populations with deficiencies under a new light.

Escherichia coli produtora de toxina shiga (STEC): principais fatores de virulência e dados epidemiológicos / Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC): principal virulence factors and epidemiology

Escherichia coli produtora de toxina Shiga (STEC) é um importante patógeno veiculado por alimentos, principalmente produtos derivados de carne bovina e está associado a quadros de diarréias leves a severas e sanguinolentas. Em alguns indivíduos, a infecção por STEC pode progredir para a síndrome hemolítico-urêmica (HUS), seqüela caracterizada pela falência renal e a púrpura trombocitopênica trombótica (TTP), com possível envolvimento do sistema nervoso central. O gado bovino, geralmente saudável, é o principal reservatório de STEC, embora estas cepas também tenham sido isoladas de outros animais domésticos: ovelhas, cabras, cães, gatos e suínos. A principal característica de virulência, a produção de toxinas Shiga, não é suficiente para causar doenças e outros fatores são considerados relevantes, como a produção de nterohemolisina e de adesinas fimbriais e afimbriais. Embora as doenças humanas associadas a STEC sejam pouco descritas no Brasil, podemos observar uma significativa ocorrência destas cepas nos rebanhos bovinos, bem como a correlação entre sorotipos encontrados nestes animais e em pacientes humanos.

Shiga toxin producing Escherichia coli is an important food borne pathogen, mainly beef products, andis associated to mild and severe bloody diarrhea. In some individuals, STEC infection can progress tohemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS), a sequela characterized by renal failure, and thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP), with possible central nervous system involvement. Cattle, usually healthy, is the principal reservoir of STEC, although these strains have also been isolated from other domestic animals: sheep, goats, dogs, cats and pigs. The principal virulence feature, the production of Shiga toxins, is not enough to cause diseases, and other factors are considered important, as enterohemolysin and fimbrial and afimbrial adhesions production. Although human diseases associated to STEC have not been frequently reported in Brazil, their presence is frequent in cattle, as well as the correlation between serotypes found in these animals and human patients.

EFFECTS OF SWIMMING ON VISION / 体力科学

This study was conducted to examine the effects of different types of swimming on vision, including contrast sensitivity, depth perception, static visual acuity, number of eyeblinks, and pain scale. Six college water-polo players swam (A) at a water flow rate of 0 m·sec<SUP>-1</SUP> with floating, (B) at 0.83±0.04 m·sec<SUP>-1</SUP> with floating, (C) at 1.09±0.05 m·sec<SUP>-1</SUP> with floating, (D) at 0.83±0.04 m·sec<SUP>-1</SUP> doing the front crawl (50%VO<SUB>2</SUB>max), and (E) at 1.09±0.05 m·sec<SUP>-1</SUP> doing the front crawl (80%VO<SUB>2</SUB>max) for 15 min on a swimmill. To avoid the effect by chlorine, the free radical residual chlorine concentration was fixed at 0 ppm in the swimmill.<BR>We found no significant differences in vision before and after A. On the other hand, contrast sensitivity during the test decreased significantly in C and E (p<0.05) . Depth perception and number of eyeblinks increased significantly in C and E (p<0.05) . Subjects had a high pain scale in C and E (p<0.01) . Thus it seems that water flow may disturb of vision. We conclude that it is impor. tant for swimmers to prevent impairment of vision.